Free College Essays - The Prejudice in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride and Prejudice

The barbarism of Prejudice in pridefulness and Prejudice The passage which best relates the theme of self-respect and Prejudice, by Jane Austin, is on page 125, in the middle of the page. This is where Mr. Darcy is proposing to Elizabeth, and is informing her of the inferiority of her family and connections. This passage is significant because it is one of the few times where the characters openly acknowledge that the restore purpose of a persons life is to achieve a high salary and a high social position. It is evident from every point of the romance that all(a) people care about is marrying into a higher social rank. And pull down for those who are comfortable with their current status, it is imperative that they only marry someone of at least equivalent rank. This idea possesses every character in the story and seems to motivate every action that is taken. The superficiality of this idea goes so far as to break the bonds of love. Darcy is willing to insult a girl as he is proposing to her, just to inform her of what he has to go through in order to stoop to someone of her level. Regardless of what Darcy thought his chances were at acceptance, he was still addressing a girl that barely knows him, and actually dislikes him. That is not a situation where insults are in all probability to bring results. This point is compounded because Elizabeth only gets slightly insulted by this chin-wag. Her sign refusal of Darcy was based almost totally on his actions towards Jane and Bingleys relationship, and his treatment of Mr. Wickham. However, she is barely perturbed by this comment of Darcy regarding her family. This is so strange because one would expect Elizabeth to at least be equally mad for personal insults as well as for what was done to others. Pride and Prejudice ends with Elizabeth and Darcy each overcoming their anger against each other, and falling in love. However, this poignant scene is ruined because of the appearance of Lady Catherine. S he demands Elizabeth to marry Darcy, and tells Darcy that it would reflect negatively on his family if he were to marry someone as low class as Elizabeth.Free College Essays - The Prejudice in Pride and Prejudice Pride and PrejudiceThe Brutality of Prejudice in Pride and Prejudice The passage which best relates the theme of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austin, is on page 125, in the middle of the page. This is where Mr. Darcy is proposing to Elizabeth, and is informing her of the inferiority of her family and connections. This passage is significant because it is one of the few times where the characters openly acknowledge that the sole purpose of a persons life is to achieve a high salary and a high social position. It is evident from every point of the story that all people care about is marrying into a higher social rank. And even for those who are comfortable with their current status, it is imperative that they only marry someone of at least equivalent rank. This idea posse sses every character in the story and seems to motivate every action that is taken. The superficiality of this idea goes so far as to break the bonds of love. Darcy is willing to insult a girl as he is proposing to her, just to inform her of what he has to go through in order to stoop to someone of her level. Regardless of what Darcy thought his chances were at acceptance, he was still addressing a girl that barely knows him, and actually dislikes him. That is not a situation where insults are likely to bring results. This point is compounded because Elizabeth only gets slightly insulted by this comment. Her initial refusal of Darcy was based almost totally on his actions towards Jane and Bingleys relationship, and his treatment of Mr. Wickham. However, she is barely perturbed by this comment of Darcy regarding her family. This is so strange because one would expect Elizabeth to at least be equally mad for personal insults as well as for what was done to others. Pride and Prejudic e ends with Elizabeth and Darcy each overcoming their anger against each other, and falling in love. However, this touching scene is ruined because of the appearance of Lady Catherine. She demands Elizabeth to marry Darcy, and tells Darcy that it would reflect negatively on his family if he were to marry someone as low class as Elizabeth.

The OSI Model and The Pony Express Essay -- Essays Papers

The OSI Model and The Pony ExpressThe Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference ensample is inseparable to the world of computer networking. The model was named in 1977 by the International Standards Committee, in response to a difficulty that was facing computer networkers at the time (Shelly, Cashman, and Serwatka 142). In order to understand the difficulty, one must first realize that computer networks consist of computer hardware, the software that is to be used in conjunction with this hardware, and the moderate (such as wiring or cabling) that will interconnect the computer science devices that are in the network. The computer networkers job is to determine which hardware, software, and medium types will create the network that will best suit his clients needs. Then, the networker must combine these elements into a functional system of interconnected computers (Fortino and Villeneuve 112). It was in attempting this latter proletariat that the computer networker of the late 1970s often found himself in a pickle. The problem was that each vendor of computing equipment had developed his own unique go under of products products that were incompatible with the products of new(prenominal) vendors. This incompatibility made it very difficult for a computer networker to combine the various network components into an operational computer network (Stamper 27). The OSI model provided for a solution to this problem. The model organized those tasks that are essential for computer network operation, into seven groups. These groups were called layers. All manufacturers of computing equipment were recommended to make their products compliant with the OSI model. This meant that each computing product was to perform the functions associated with a specific layer within the model any method of accomplishing these functions was acceptable. In a network composed of equipment that operated according to OSI guidelines, a separate product would be used to perform each layer of OSI functionality. Thus, all elements of the network would be aware of the specific jobs performed by every other network element this would allow for compatibility between networking products that were created by different vendors. By designing networks according to OSI guidelines, the networker was able to combine any group of products, made by any number of vendors, into a functioning computer network (Stamper 28).... ...he secret of its success in the field of computer networking, and this is also the key to its use in other areas of communication as well.Works CitedDerfler, Frank J., Jr., and Les Freed. How Networks Work. California Macmillian Computer Publishing, 1996.Dicerto, Joseph J. The Pony Express Hoofbeats In The Wilderness. New York FranklinWatts, 1989.Fortino, Andres, and Arnold Villeneuve. Networking Technologies A Complete Guide To release The Novell CNE Exam. New York The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1996.Introduction To Networking. Diskette. 1992.Netwo rking Technologies. Diskette. 1992.Oslin, George P. Pony Express. Encyclopedia Americana. 1999 ed.Pony Express. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Microsoft, 1997.Settle, Raymond W., and Mary Lund Settle. Saddles and Spurs The Pony Express Saga. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press, 1955.Stamper, David A. Business Data Communications. 5th ed. mammy Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999.Shelly, Gary B., Cashman, Thomas J., and Judy A. Serwatka. Business Data Communications Introductory Concepts and Techniques. 2nd ed. Massachusetts Course Technology, 1998.

Management Accounting Essay -- Business Budgeting Accountancy Accounta

counsel AccountingIntroductionManagement control is to ensure that the arrangement achieves its objectives. Once the objectives have been agreed, action plans should be drawn up so that the progress can be directed towards the ends specified in the objectives. Such objectives are used to make comparison with alternatives in decision making & are also the critical elements in evaluating the success or failure of the action plans. whiz of the most widely used counsel control systems is the budgetary control & the term Budget itself is one of the objectives that is expressed quantitatively in financial comfort 1. Undoubtedly budget is drawn up for control purposes & guiding the organization towards its objectives.The budgeting process is done quite arbitrary by estimating the expenses in the next social class or adding a few percentages from last years budget. Any contingency & extraordinary dollar spent would be acquired from the miscellaneous item as massive as it is stil l a positive figure. The main control function of the budget follows the same old rule no budget, no expenses.The scope of this melodic theme is to explore better control & management in the organizations financial resources deployed in training & development, especially in avoiding the ineffective use of resources, increase accountability, streamlining & improving existing procedures, & managing & measuring performance in a systematic & data-oriented approach.Control & Performance Measurement SystemReferring to Broadbent & Cullen 2, management control is the process by which management ensures that the organization carries out its strategies, i.e. resources are obtained & used efficiently & effectively in the accomplishment of the company objectives. As pointed out by Brooks 3, the reference of management accounting is to concern the performance of the organization & the way in which its activities are planned & controlled by its management. Further supported by Bromwich 4, th e major functions of management accounting used by management are to plan, evaluate, & control within an organization & to assure use of & accountability for its resources. Although most literatures reviewed (Jeans & Morrow 5, Murphy & Braund 6, Clark & Baxter 7) stated that the major use of management accounting control is on manufacturing process, the concept of performance measurem... ...ctivity-Based Costing, Management Accounting, November 1989.6. Murphy J.C. & Braund S.L., Management Accounting & fresh Manufacturing Technology, Management Accounting, February 1990.7. Clark A. & Baxter A., ABC + ABM = Action, Lets Get Down to Business, Management Accounting, June 1992.8. Kennedy A., Activity-Based Management & Short-Term Relevant Cost Clash or concomitant?, Management Accounting, June 1995.9. Robert G., Fixed Costs & Sunk Costs in Decision-Making Management Accounting, January 1992.10. Broadbent M. & Cullen J., Managing Financial Resources, Second Edition, Butterwort h-Heinemann, 1999, p.121.11. Mills R. & Cave M., Overhead Cost Allocation in Service Organizations, Management Accounting, June 1990.12. Claret J., Budgeting with Flexibility, Certified Accountant, November 1988, p.36.13. Jones R.B., Budgeting & Cost Management A Route to Continuous Improvement, Management Accounting, February 1992, p.36.14. Newing R., Out with the Old, In with the New, Accountancy, July, 1994, p.49.15. Hopwood A.G., Accounting & Organization Change, Journal of Accounting & Public Policy, Vol. 8, No. 3, Fall 1989.

How to become a better leader Essay -- essays research papers

I believe cracking leading have the desire and providepower to become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. I think one(a) of a leaders main goals should be to inspire their workers into higher(prenominal) levels of teamwork, which can be acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders should unceasingly be working and studying to improve their leadership skills. leadership is specify as a process by which a person influences other(a)s to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Respected leaders concentrate on what they are (such as beliefs and character), what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature), and what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and provide direction ). I believe that I possess many strengths that make me a good leader. One of my strengths is that I constantly seek responsibility and take responsibility for my actions. I am always asking if there is anyway I could help out more in MMA and in my sorority. I want people to look up to me and respect me and I know that things do not always go as planned, and I never blame others for my mistakes. Also, I always test and analyze the situation I am in and find some way to correct the problem before moving on to the next challenge. I believe my best strength is that I make timely decisions. I never procrastinate and I always plan ahead and try and give myself ample time to get tasks completed and make a decision. In all my teams for class I try to set the example and act as a good role model. I believe that if one person slacks, everyone in the group will model to that person, and that is never the direction you want an effective group to go in. When working in a group, I also make su re that everyone is informed. I am usually the one sending out the emails to delegate tasks and making sure that everyone is up to speed. Lastly, I always ensure that these tasks are understood and accomplished. macrocosm a good leader entails that you care about your group members and want everyone to be successful. One weakness that is holding me back from being a good leader is my tendency to be a followe... ...ot done and that everyone looked up to me and respected me because this meant they would also want to do an excellent job. If I was in the position again the one thing I would do differently is have more meetings. I think that when a group comes together you feed off of one another for ideas and this gets the brainstorming process going. Overall, I was happy with my leadership experience and thought that the team worked well together and that in the end I do them work, but they respected me, and I am happy to say we are still friends today.As I reflect back on my leade rship experiences I believe that I have always tried to take initiative and get things done. I believe that I am always understanding of what other people have going on in their lives and I talk to them like a person and am very considerate. I try my hardest to be proficient at what I do and help others if they are lost. Lastly, I make a point to provide direction to the group, plan ahead, set goals, try to identify problems and come up with solutions. I believe a leader should always encourage the team to reach team goals as effectively as possible, through building relationships and inspiring their team members.

Measure for Measure Essay: Private Temptation and Social

Private Temptation and Social Restraint in Measure for Measure In his play, Measure for Measure, Shakespeare poses problems of law, justice, and personal freedom for which he offers no easy answers. Measure for Measure is very relevant to current political debates over usual morality and the limits of self-expression. The play proposes the question How do we settle down social restraint and personal passion? The Vienna of Measure for Measure, under the rule of Duke Vincentio, is a garden gone to seed. Permissiveness, corruption, and debauchery have choked turn out healthy growth in the absence of prudent cultivation. The plays climate of disillusionment finds modem resonance in the cynicism of the youth of today. The play opens with the Duke preparing for a hasty yet on purpose ambiguous departure. Appointing morally impeccable Angelo as his replacement, the Duke passes over ice, a wise old judge named Escalus. But in a the obvious choice, play inattentive with tests of cha racter, it is appropriate that the citys most self righteous official undergoes the severest validation of his integrity. What follows is a drama of seduction. Angelo is tempted by the sins he condemns most harshly, sins, that release, him from the custody of his repressed desires. The Duke, who travels undercover to come the effects of his lax rule, cautions Angelo in a manner suggesting his suspicion of the seductive power of authority. He is clearly interested in whether power will spay Angelo. Having failed himself to enforce the law, the Duke would, nevertheless, have Angelo be wary of the terrible power of judgment. He - advises his surrogate to fuse his personal values - what he believes in his heart with his public judg... ...characters. The play, like the Duke, makes a plea for tolerance, drawing on the biblical injunction that underlies its title Judge not that ye be not judged, for with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged and with what measure out ye mete, it s hall be measured to you again. Works Cited and Consulted Geckle, George L. ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Measure for Measure. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall, 1970. McLuskie, Kathleen. Political Criticism and Shakespeare King Lear and Measure for Measure in Political Shakespeare unseasoned Essays in Cultural Materialism, ed. Dollimor, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield. Ithaca and London Cornell University Press, 1985, 88-108. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1991. Watts, Cedric. Measure for Measure. London Penguin, 1986.

Measure for Measure Essay: Private Temptation and Social

Private Temptation and Social Restraint in Measure for Measure In his gambling, Measure for Measure, Shakespeare poses problems of law, justice, and personal granting immunity for which he offers no easy answers. Measure for Measure is very relevant to current political debates over public morality and the limits of self-expression. The play proposes the question How do we reconcile social restraint and personal passion? The Vienna of Measure for Measure, under the rule of Duke Vincentio, is a garden gone to seed. Permissiveness, corruption, and debauchery have clotted out healthy growth in the absence of prudent cultivation. The plays climate of disillusionment finds modem resonance in the cynicism of the youth of today. The play opens with the Duke preparing for a hasty besides deliberately ambiguous departure. Appointing morally impeccable Angelo as his replacement, the Duke passes over ice, a wise old judge named Escalus. But in a the obvious choice, play preoccupied with tests of character, it is appropriate that the citys most self righteous official undergoes the severest validation of his integrity. What follows is a drama of seduction. Angelo is tempted by the sins he condemns most harshly, sins, that release, him from the custody of his repressed desires. The Duke, who travels undercover to observe the effects of his lax rule, cautions Angelo in a manner suggesting his suspicion of the seductive power of authority. He is clearly interested in whether power get out alter Angelo. Having failed himself to enforce the law, the Duke would, nevertheless, have Angelo be wary of the terrible power of judgment. He - advises his surrogate to fuse his personal values - what he believes in his substance with his public judg... ...characters. The play, like the Duke, makes a plea for tolerance, drawing on the biblical injunction that underlies its title Judge not that ye be not judged, for with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged and with what m easure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Works Cited and Consulted Geckle, George L. ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Measure for Measure. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall, 1970. McLuskie, Kathleen. political Criticism and Shakespeare King Lear and Measure for Measure in Political Shakespeare New Essays in Cultural Materialism, ed. Dollimor, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield. Ithaca and London Cornell University Press, 1985, 88-108. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1991. Watts, Cedric. Measure for Measure. London Penguin, 1986.

Outline Procedures for Infection Control in Own Work Setting

Outline procedures for infection control in your own work screen background At scissure Club to master the risk of infections we 1. Provide protective clothing and equipment for staff in accordance with comp either procedures. 2. Have daily, weekly and periodical routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside coerce cleaners clean premises daily. 4. If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed in the appropriate subject field/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners.It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces supernumerary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections atomic number 18 managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people. If at any time there are any infectious diseases extradite at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred. At Gap Club to reduce the risk of infections we 1. Provide protective clothi ng and equipment for staff in accordance with company procedures. . Have daily, weekly and monthly routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside contract cleaners clean premises daily. 4. If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed in the appropriate area/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners. It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces unnecessary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections are managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people.If at any time there are any infectious diseases present at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred. At Gap Club to reduce the risk of infections we 1. Provide protective clothing and equipment for staff in accordance with company procedures. 2. Have daily, weekly and monthly routine sterilising processes in place. 3. Outside contract cleaners clean premises daily. 4.If an outbreak does occur then a deep clean is completed in the appropriate area/s by Gap staff and contract cleaners. It is a fact that children will get ill and by following the guidelines in our policy it reduces unnecessary exposure to illnesses and ensures infections are managed effectively creating a happy and healthy club for all children and young people. If at any time there are any infectious diseases present at the Nursery this will be clearly displayed at the entrance to the room where the infection has occurred.

Frankenstein and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

In both Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde human nature is being tampered with. Dr. Jekyll creates a potion which changes himself into another person, and Frankenstein creates human invigoration through science. In both cases they tried to change human nature from going outside the norm. Although they both intended for technical the outcome was bad. So with good comes the capacity to do evil. term at the same time every person has a duel persona. The idea that every person has two sides is evince more in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde then in Frankenstein. Dr.Jekyll all throughout the novel was bottling up his hatred and evil just waiting to get rid of it. So he created a potion that transformed him into Mr. Hyde. With the help of his potion he was able to escape reality, but he was still conscience of that what he was doing was wrong. The two sides to Jekyll was good and evil. aft(prenominal) doing one evil doing he continued to do more, and more. Having experienced this evil he was unable to control himself, almost as if he couldnt do good anymore because the evil had taken over. Jekyll decided to take his own life to prevent himself from doing any more harm.In Frankenstein the Shelly uses the idea of external forces acting on internal. The creation was made by Dr. Frankenstein and then abandoned by him. The creation was affected internally by the things around him. After running by everywhere he went he was saw as a monster. If you are being treated as a monster your whole life you ability start to believe that you are a monster. So the creation started acting wish well a monster. He wanted vengeance on his creator for devising him the way he is, and then not even caring for him. In conclusion both characters tried to change human nature.By doing so they seek to become more divine, but God should be the one who creates life not humans. Humans dont have the right to give or take life, because if we did this world would be in chaos. Also both authors show two different ways of how these characters are affected. Shelly uses external forces that provoke the internal feelings of the monster. While Stevenson shows how every person has a dual persona, a evil side and a good side. One side however is more dominant than the other, like how Hyde was more dominant then Jekyll. Both novels truly show us the evil side of life, and how cruel humanity can be.

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot by Robert Olen Butler Essay

A coward, by definition, is a person who lacks courage, especially wholeness who is shamefully unable to control his fear and so shrinks from danger or trouble. In the short twaddle, Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot, Robert Olen tholer makes the point that cowardly conduct can ultimately lead to ones end through his go for of plot, characterization, symbolism, and irony. In this story, pantryman portrays a jealous keep ups cowardly behavior when dealing with his supposedly cheating married woman, which leads to his death. He then returns in the build of a parrot to endure the pain of his decisions. As demonstrated by the husband, who is the main(prenominal) character in this story, cowardly behavior can be caused by weaknesses as relatively common as uncontrollable emotion and in-the-moment compulsion, combined with an horror to attacking lifes problems head on. However, in this story the effect of this behavior is even more devastating and heart-breaking it can be the ultimate demise of what could have been a long and otherwise meaningful life.The story takes place in Houston and begins with the husband already in his wench form. He is in fondle store with other parrots and his married woman walks in. She does not know its him but she immediately picks him push through over the other parrots. When he gets settled in his new batting cage at home, the husband begins reminiscing about his past cowardly actions that got him into his current situation. His insecurities began when his wife continually mentioned the new guy at her work. His cowardly actions follow soon by and by when he states that my goal was to hold my tongue about half the time (Butler, 188).Instead of confronting her with his allegations, he locks him self up to keep quite. Later he finds the name and mete out of the man he suspects his wife is sleeping with. Sboulder clay in human form, he makes the most cowardly decision yet and decides to spy on his wifes possible love r. He goes to the house on a saturday aft(prenominal)noon and the neighborhood is empty. He heard sounds from the second floor window so he climbs a tree to get a better look. His desperateness for answers bring him dangerously close to the end of the tree branch, bring him to his final moments as a human. He feel from the tree, hitting his head and ending his human life. His cowardly behavior ultimately lead to his death. None of this would have happened if he confronted hiswife. He was so panic-stricken that she would leave him that he neer said a word to her.Right from the start, Butler characterizes the husband and his lack of courage. The husband starts off by stating, I never can quite say as much as I know (187). Throughout the story, the husbands continues to show this cowardly behavior by never confronting his wife about any of his accusations. Instead he suffers from his bottled-up feelings of inadequacy, low sense of self worth, and fear of losing his wife if he were t o confront her with allegations of having extramarital affairs. Butler continues to shows the cowardly characteristics of the husband when he goes behind his wives back to try and find answers.He described the event, stating, I was holding on to a limb with harness and legs wrapped around it like it was her in those times when I could forget the others for a little while. But the crack in the shade was just out of view and I crawled on along till there was no limb left and I fell on my head (188). Instead of confronting his wife or her lover, he engaged in an act of snooping, which ended his human life, and turned him into a parrot. As a result of the husbands cowardliness, he endured a hellish existence as a parrot.Even in parrot form, he continued to express his feeling of jealousy and inadequacy as a husband. His emotional problems, however, did not stop at feeling of being an inadequate husband. He also showed serious signs that he lacked a sense of self worth as a person. He s eems to base his worth on his wifes affection toward him, and expressed almost a feeling of failing without her. He belittled himself and his role in the relationship, stating, When we held each other, I had no past at all, no present but her body, no future but to lie there and not let her go. I was an egg hatched beneath her crouching body, I entered as a chick into her wet sky of a body, and all that I wished was to sit on her shoulder and fluff my feathers and lay my head against her cheek, my neck exposed to her hand (189).By comparing himself to a chick, the husband expressed an inherent need to be cared for, and showed no sign of capability in coping with life on his own. In the end, the jealous husband (in the form of a parrot) committed his final cowardly act he made the decision to purposely take flight into the window and kill himself.This act was the most imperious and appalling effect of his cowardly ways. The last lines of the story are an insight into the husbands suicidal thought process. He said, And I spread my wings. I will fly now. Even though I know there is something between me and that place where I can be free of all these feelings, I will fly. I will throw myself again and again there. Pretty bird. Bad bird. Good night (191).A huge potential for disaster in the husbands marriage was symbolized as he displayed a pitiful lack of assertion. He was more than aware that his wife was engaging in an affair, but fear of losing her kept him from confronting her the way he could have. He described his cowardly dilemma, stating, Hey, Im not stupid. She said another thing about him and then another and upright after the third one I locked myself in the bathroom because I couldnt rage about this anymore. I felt like a anathematize fool whenever I actually said anything about this kind of feeling and she looked at me like she could start hating me real easy and so I was workings on saying zip, even if it meant locking myself up (188).By lock ing himself in the bathroom, he is taking the cowards way out of confronting his wife. This is a great use of symbolism, as he is metaphorically locking up his emotions and problems when he should be dealing with them and his wife. This is the same cowardly behavior that led to the husbands demise, and is self-consistent with the symbolism of his life as a parrot, in which he was locked in a cage, just as he was locked in the bathroom as a man.The most heart-wrenchingly part of the husbands story, however, is not just that he had his heart broken daily it was the simple fact that there was directly nothing he could do about it because he is now a bird. Butler displays irony when the husband, in his parrot life, compares his lack of communication in his marriage to his absolute inability to say what he thought as a parrot. In his human life he bottled up his emotions and feelings but now that he is a parrot he has a lot to say but no words to express them. He sat in a cage, wanting desperately to speak his mind, and express his love to his wife, but he couldnt. He made the thought-provoking statement, I can never say what is in my heart to her. neer (190).The effect of his cowardly behavior, by not saying what was in his heart in hishuman life, had made it even more impossible to communicate after he had fallen out of the tree and died. The husband states that the crack in the shade was just out of view and I crawled on along till there was no limb left and I fell on my head (188). The fact that he had fallen out of a tree and is reincarnated as a bird is also totally irony too. Butler could have reincarnate the husband as any animal and he chose a bird and birds dont fall out of trees.With this story, Robert Olen Butler clearly demonstrates that cowardly behavior can lead to ones demise with his use of plot, characterization, symbolism and irony. As a result of uncontrollably strong emotions, insecurities, desperately compulsive actions, and failure to eng age in direct confrontation with his offenders, the husband died a sudden and cowardly death, unless to return as a parrot, and suffer the intolerable pain of witnessing his wifes heart-breaking promiscuity.The ultimate result of his cowardly behavior was his suicide, which closed this cowardly rumor with an appropriately cowardly ending. This story could be interpreted as a testament of failure to challenge a persons own fears. This story is relevant to life because it is likely that devastating consequences, such as the ones experienced by the jealous husband, can be avoided by facing fears with courage, and standing up for ones self with conviction, in spite of danger or trouble.

Bureaucracy and Max Weber

CONTENT INTRODUCTION2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAX WEBER THEORY OF BUREAUCRACY2 CRITICS TOWARDS MAX WEBERS THEORY5 ADVANTAGES OF MAX WEBER THEORIES6 CONCLUSION7 BIBLIOGRAPHY8 1. 0 Introduction According to Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter in their book tit direct Management, bureaucracy can be defined as a form of cheek characterised by division of labour, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and im individualised relationship. Bureaucracy usually gives a negative meaning in life.When it comes to bureaucracy, automatically concourse would imagine things like red-tape, filled form with too many information and too detail, small problems run short complicated because of the rule to be abided and others. Even though we normally equalize bureaucracy with inefficiency, but the truth is, it represents efficiency because the advantages argon more than disadvantages. Bureaucracy also can be regarded as an effective modality created in order to move to a big constit ution. The bigger and complicated a formal organization, the greater requirement needed to control and synchronize all(prenominal) members activities.The necessities can be fulfilled by bureaucracy, which is an authority structure operated under a rules and procedures. Max Weber defines organization as a social mechanism that maximizes efficiency and effectiveness in administration. 2. 0 Characteristics of Bureaucracy by Max Weber Webers focus on the trend of clear-sightedization led him to concern himself with the operation and expansion of large-scale enterprises in two the public and private sectors of modern societies Bureaucracy can be considered to be a event case of rationalization, or rationalization applied to uman organization. Bureaucratic coordination of human live up to, Weber believed, is the distinctive mark of modern social structures. In order to study these organizations, both historically and in contemporary society, Weber developed the characteristics of an ideal- grapheme bureaucracy 2. 0. 1 Written Rules of Conduct According to Weber, all ends, rules and actions taken by the organization be formulated and recorded in writing. Written documents ensure that there is continuity of the organizations policies and procedures. Cutajar, 2010) Weber stressed that rational bureaucracies must be managed in accordance with c arfully developed rules and principles that can be learned and applied and that transactions and purposes must be recorded so that rules can he reviewed. just(prenominal) with such rules and principles can the activities of hundreds of managers at different levels in the organization be predicted and coordinated. If we can non predict what others will do, then we cannot count on them. 2. 0. 2 Hierarchy of situationHierarchical authority is required in bureaucracies so that highly trained experts can be properly used as managers. (Borgatti, 2002) The type of authority hardened down by Weber rests on the belief of in t he legality of formal rules and hierarchies, and in the right of those elevated in the hierarchy to posses authority and issues command. billet is given to the officials based on their skills, position and authority placed formally in each position. For instance, officer graduated from universities is respected more than the officer with no qualification from universities.He will be given more authorities and issues command. 2. 0. 3 Hierarchical Structure According to Weber, bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations designed fit in to rational principles in order to efficiently attain their goals. Offices are ranked in a hierarchal order, with information flowing up the chain of command, directives flowing down. It was axiomatic that coordinating the divisions of large organizations requires clear lines of authority organized in a hierarchy. That means there are clear levels of graded authority.All employees in the organization must write out who their boss is, and each per son should always respect the chain of command that is, people should give orders only to their own subordinates and receive orders only through their own immediate superior In this way, the people at the top can be sure that directives arrive where they are meant to go and screw where responsibilities lie. 2. 0. 4 Division of Labour Division of labour or in other word, specialization of division, means each office has a defined eye socket of competence.The tasks of the organization are divided into distinct functions given to separate offices. These functions are clearly specified so that the staff know exactly what is expected of them. Job-holders are given the authority necessary to carry out their roles. Webers idea of functional specialization applies both to persons within an organization and to relations between larger units or divisions of the organization. Stephen P. Borgatti in his article titled bureaucracy give an example of division of labour by Swift & Co.In his arti cle, within a Swift wadding plant, rub down was broken down into many special tasks, and employees were assigned to one or a few such tasks, including the tasks involved in coordinating the work of others. So, Swift was separated into a number of divisions, each specializing in one of the tasks in the elaborate process of bringing meat from the ranch to the consumer. Weber argued that such specialization is essential to a rational bureaucracy and that the specific boundaries separating one functional division from another must be fixed by uttered rules, regulations, and procedures. Borgatti, 2002) 2. 0. 5 Im ainity of Relationship Impersonality meansno hatred or passion with equality of treatment for all clients of the organization. It means, there must be no single(a) nonsubjectives are allowed. All people must follow the organization objectives. In other word, staff members are free of any external responsibilities and constraints so that they are able to attend to their dutie s in a fair and objective way. For example, work is separated from residence in order to separate personal duty and objective of the organization. 2. 0. Lifelong Career Commitment Weber stressed that employment in the organization should be seen as a career for officials. An official is a regular employee, and anticipate a lifelong career. After an introduction period, the employee is given tenure, which protects the employee from arbitrary dismissal. The organization should create a better working scheme such as clear promotion route and good remuneration scheme. Max Weber viewed these bureaucratic elements as solutions to problems or defects within earlier and more traditional administrative systems.Likewise, he viewed these elements as parts of a total system, which, combined and instituted effectively, would increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative structure. 3. 0 Critics toward Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy in that respect are various critics from p ublic administration philosophers toward bureaucracy supposition generated by max Weber. 3. 0. 1 Rigid Rules and Uncreative Weber lined out that the characteristics of his theory on bureaucracy is on vertical authority structure. However, the consequences that the organization has to bear is the lost of ability to generate new ideas.There are problems among lower officers due to hierarchical structure. It is because, in hierarchy, order is given by upper officer to the lower officer. The lower officer accepts the instruction without an opportunity to give their own whimsey or ideas. So, there were no generation of new ideas and no any check and balance happen. A good organization should involve employees in decision making. 3. 0. 2 Slow Decision Making Process Because of Webers theory stressed on hierarchical authority, the decision making process become ineffective. It slows down the process.The decision is all coming from the top management. So, it takes too long for the infor mation to reach the employees. 3. 0. 3 Exploitation of Position and Power Webers theory of bureaucracy could lead to exploitation. His suggestion on the use of written rule of conduct can bring problems. A. W Gouldner (1954) noticed that the govern according to rules culture in organization caused the consequences of members following the minimum possible rules in order to get by. So, in bureaucratic organization, employees who know to twist the rules would gradually or evidently be more powerful.In consequence, power will have a tendency to shift from a nominal leader of the organization, who did not know how to play by the rules, to employee who really did. 3. 0. 4 Work is not Challenging In bureaucratic theory suggested by Weber, a promotion system is not encouraged. He prefers to use a system based on seniority or qualification in department exams. It means, all the promotions are based on the period he has worked on the organization or the answers on the exam paper. Therefore, there is no earnestness in work because the promotion system is not based on efficiency.The duties also are the same everyday and can create boredom among the officers. 3. 0. 5 Nonresponsive The theories suggested by Weber did not reflect to changes. mirror image is in the term of attitude and speed of changes or adjustments with the changes. For example, when people deal with government agencies or department, bureaucracy cannot help to accelerate the process, meanwhile increase the consignment they have to take. The people have to pass through many processes before their problems can be settled. 4. The Advantages of Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy Webers bureaucracy is based on logic and rationality which are supported by trained and qualified specialists. The element of a bureaucracy offers a stable and hierarchical model for an organization. 4. 0. 1 Prevent Misuse of Power Max Weber theories of bureaucracy prevent the misuse of power. It stressed the impersonality of relation ship where the officers must distinguish the duties from personal matters. Often happen in organization where officers use the facilities of the office for personal works.For example, an executive officer used to call his driver to fetch his daughter from school. This action cannot be legalised by the theory. This action shows how the officer used the facilities of the office for personal works. So, by applying the Max Weber theories, an officer can distinguish between the duties and personal matters. 4. 0. 2 Decision is rationalised Bureaucracy practises rational concept is where every decision is based on the objectives and criteria set by the public. Decision being made is not bias as it free from personal matters.It contributes in democracy through technical ability, not because of heritage of family relation in order to obtain indisputable position. 4. 0. 3 Clear and Written Records The characteristics of Max Weber bureaucracy lined up the need of written rules of conduct. It also stressed the documentation of any decision made. The advantage of this action is that it can be referred easily and any problems arise can be settled without rebuttal when there is a set of rules of conduct. 4. 0. 4 Specialization of WorksBureaucracy enables officers to know in depth on their tasks as the task is divided among them. The specialization also can decrease the point of duties of the officer and can gradually increase their productivity. Besides that, it is easier for the management to choose among its officers whom are really capable to perform certain tasks. 4. 0. 5 Increase energy and Effectiveness According to Weber, bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations designed according to rational principles in order to efficiently attain their goals.Offices are ranked in a hierarchical order, with information flowing up the chain of command, directives flowing down. Operations of the organizations are characterized by impersonal rules that explicitly order duties , responsibilities, standardized procedures and conduct of office holders. Offices are highly specialized. Appointments to these offices are made according to specialized qualifications rather than ascribed criteria. All of these ideal characteristics have one goal, to promote the efficient attainment of the organizations goals. 5. 0 expirySome have seriously misinterpreted Weber and have claimed that he liked bureaucracy, that he believed that bureaucracy was an ideal organization. Others have pronounced Weber wrong because bureaucracies do not live up to his list of ideals. Others have even claimed that Weber invented bureaucratic organization. But Weber described bureaucracy as an ideal type in order to more accurately describe their growth in power and scope in the modern world. The bureaucratic coordination of the action of large total of people has become the dominant structural feature of modern societies.It is only through this organizational device that large-scale plann ing and coordination, both for the modern state and the modern economy, become possible. The consequences of the growth in the power and scope of these organizations is vital to understanding our world. Bibliography Borgatti, S. P. (2002, April 02). analytictech. com. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from Bureaucracy http//www. analytictech. com/mb021/bureau. htm Cutajar, M. (2010, July 29). Max Weber Bureaucracy Theory. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from suite101. com http//www. suite101. com/ nitty-gritty/max-weber-bureaucracy-theory-a267433

Coffee Growers

1. Coffee growers in short rural argonas are paid very teensy-weensy for their crop. What strategies are proposed in this clip for changing that dapple?The strategies that are proposed in this clip for changing this situation are for hot chocolate growers to adapt to the fair-trade mart. Under the fair-trade market coffee growers will gestate the chance to a decent market price that will foster increase their production. 2. Now that you k forthwith something about the sociology of coffee and globalization, will your own consumption habits change at all? Explain why you would change or not your consumption habits.I prefer not to racket coffee as a offspring my consumption will not change. 3. In what ways is the coffee-go-round an ensample of what Mills called public issues and individual(a) troubles?The public issues are coffee growers in poor rural area are not paid reasonably for their crops. The nonpublic troubles are coffee growers are trapped to wander only coca becau se of the competitive markets and expensive expenses.1. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological imagination comes from our ability to agree the union surrounded by public issues and private troubles. How does the teller of this film make such(prenominal) a connection in his bread and butter? What are the public issues and the private troubles? The narrator of this film makes such a connection in his life by connecting his consanguinity with his brother through his childhood experiences and a tragic casualty which created and caused a decision for his brother to go to atomic number 74 Point University and become a Black Hawk pilot for the army that as a result change the narrators connection between him and his brother through his childhood. Now having to send Ameri do-nothing troops to Iraq is a public problem and worrying to have to hear from a love adept or relative going to war and not returning back to his family and tragically changing his familys life is a private trouble. article Questions Article 141. How do the authors define early adulthood? How do they explain the incidence of prolonged early adulthood in the linked States? Early adulthood is a clipping of struggle to gain the skills and credentials required for a job that can support the family they wish to start and a struggle to feel in get a line of their lives or is when tidy sum recruit out when they want to do and how best to realize their goals. The primary reason for a prolonged early adulthood is that it now takes much longer to secure a full-time job that pays enough to support a family.2. Examine figure 2. How are the lives of young people in 2000 different from those in 1960? What do you think accounts for these differences? The lives of young people in 2000 are slight successful eject the transition to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. juvenile adults not finding a full-time job that pays enough to support a family.3. Discuss positive and banish effects of postponing adulthood on parenting. How do you suspect this changes childrearing practices? How does having children change the careers of middle-aged workers? The positive effects of waiting to become a parent while in your adulthood are more possible to leave home, be financially independent, and completed schooling. The negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting are not likely to be financially independent and terminate schooling. Parents who postpone adulthood on parenting are likely to show care and loving towards their children than parents who are take heeding to complete their adulthood. Having children change the careers of middle aged Article 591. What is the Gautreaux program in Chicago and how is it departure from previous policy? The Gautreaux program in Chicago is an experiment in public housing. Such policies assume that to devastate the ghetto, gentrify it, or blow it up is effective solution to the problems concentrated in it instead Gautreaux pro gram try to improve the lifestyles and environment around the less unfortunate.2. What is the relationship between the quality of life in areas and their crime rates (as suggested by the work of Clifford Shaw and HenryMcKay)? The relationship between the quality of life in neighborhoods and their crime rates are lacked to control the behavior of local youth as a result traditions of unrighteousness are passed on by neighborhood youth.3. Logan refers to studies that used number data to understand variations in crime rates between neighborhoods and the demographic characteristics of their residents. Why is enumerate data a valuable imaging in this case? Can you think of ways in which the use of census data in well-disposed research might lead to contestable findings? Census data is a valuable resource in this case because it shows the average rates of juvenile wrong in Chicago tracts that makes some neighborhoods unsafe. We can find out basic information about the size of the population, and its composition by age, gender, guide and ethnicity. The use of census data in social research might lead to questionable findings as to understand what are the causes and problems that each individual face.4. To explain the conditions in a neighborhood, Logan suggest we must answer devil questions. What are these questions, and how do they differ from the approach of most studies of neighborhood inequalities? First, what happened to these places to create their conditions? Second, how and why do certain kinds of people come to live in places with such problems? The two questions are different from most studies of neighborhood inequalities because most studies of neighborhood inequalities strongly focused on race and education.Coffee growersCoffee growers in poor rural areas are paid very little for their crop. What strategies are proposed in this clip for changing that situation?The strategies that are proposed in this clip for changing this situation are for cof fee growers to adapt to the fair-trade market. Under the fair-trade market coffee growers will have the chance to a decent market price that will help increase their production. 2. Now that you know something about the sociology of coffee and globalization, will your own consumption habits change at all? Explain why you would change or not your consumption habits.I prefer not to drink coffee as a result my consumption will not change. 3. In what ways is the coffee-go-round an example of what Mills called public issues and private troubles?The public issues are coffee growers in poor rural area are not paid reasonably for their crops. The private troubles are coffee growers are trapped to sell only coca because of the competitive markets and expensive expenses.1. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological imagination comes from our ability to see the connection between public issues and private troubles. How does the narrator of this film make such a connection in his life? What are the public issues and the private troubles? The narrator of this film makes such a connection in his life by connecting his relationship with his brother through his childhood experiences and a tragic accident which created and caused a decision for his brother to go to West Point University and become a Black Hawk pilot for the army that as a result change the narrators connection between him and his brother through his childhood.Now having to send American troops to Iraq is a public problem and worrying to have to hear from a love one or relative going to war and not returning back to his family and tragically changing his familys life is a private trouble.Article Questions Article 141. How do the authors define early adulthood? How do they explain the incidence of prolonged early adulthood in the United States? Early adulthood is a time of struggle to gain the skills and credentials required for a job that can support the family they wish to start and a struggle to feel in contro l of their lives or is when people figure out when they want to do and how best to realize their goals. The primary reason for a prolonged early adulthood is that it now takes much longer to secure a full-time job that pays enough to support a family.2. Examine figure 2. How are the lives of young people in 2000 different from those in 1960? What do you think accounts for these differences? The lives of young people in 2000 are less successful completing the transition to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Young adults not finding a full-time job that pays enough to support a family.3. Discuss positive and negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting. How do you suspect this changes childrearing practices? How does having children change the careers of middle-aged workers? The positive effects of waiting to become a parent while in your adulthood are more likely to leave home, be financially independent, and completed schooling. The negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting are not likely to be financially independent and completing schooling. Parents who postpone adulthood on parenting are likely to show care and loving towards their children than parents who are trying to complete their adulthood. Having children change the careers of middle aged Article 591. What is the Gautreaux program in Chicago and how is it departure from previous policy? The Gautreaux program in Chicago is an experiment in public housing. Such policies assume that to depopulate the ghetto, gentrify it, or blow it up is effective solution to the problems concentrated in it instead Gautreaux program try to improve the lifestyles and environment around the less unfortunate.2. What is the relationship between the quality of life in neighborhoods and their crime rates (as suggested by the work of Clifford Shaw and HenryMcKay)? The relationship between the quality of life in neighborhoods and their crime rates are lacked to control the behavior of local youth as a result traditions of delinquency are passed on by neighborhood youth.3. Logan refers to studies that used census data to understand variations in crime rates between neighborhoods and the demographic characteristics of their residents. Why is census data a valuable resource in this case? Can you think of ways in which the use of census data in social research might lead to questionable findings?Census data is a valuable resource in this case because it shows the average rates of juvenile delinquency in Chicago tracts that makes some neighborhoods unsafe. We can find out basic information about the size of the population, and its composition by age, gender, race and ethnicity. The use of census data in social research might lead to questionable findings as to understand what are the causes and problems that each individual face.4. To explain the conditions in a neighborhood, Logan suggest we must answer two questions. What are these questions, and how do they differ from the app roach of most studies of neighborhood inequalities? First, what happened to these places to create their conditions? Second, how and why do certain kinds of people come to live in places with such problems? The two questions are different from most studies of neighborhood inequalities because most studies of neighborhood inequalities strongly focused on race and education.

Coming of John WEB Dubois Analysis Essay

The veil is symbolical of ignorance. John was oppressed but didnt know it. After returning home from the north he sees his ground like he never saw it before, and his old world sees how much hes changed. This is evident with this narration He grew slowly to feel close to for the first time the Veil that lay between him and the white world he first noticed now the oppression that had not seemed oppression before, differences that at one time seemed natural, tranquillityraints and slights that in his boyhood days had gone unnoticed or been greeted with a laugh.He felt angry now when men did not call him Mister, he clinch his hands at the Jim Crow cars, and chafed at the color-line that hemmed in him and his. His new consciousness and level of knowledge allows him a certain regard of freedom from the rest of his race. This knowledge is indicative that he no longer identifies with his old traditions.This is evident when after returning home he gives a speech at the church building in which he talks of the importance of education and learning, this idea is foreign to the pile he is preaching to, however he did strike a faultfinding nerve with the people after denouncing the need for baptism and religion. However some of the people see this and want to be educated, but are not in an purlieu and not cultured to do so. This is evident when her sister came to him after he was finished speaking at the church.Long they stood together, peering over the gray unresting water. John, she verbalize, does it make everyone discontented when they study and learn lots of things? He paused and smiled. I am afraid it does, he said. And, John, are you glad you studied? Yes, came the answer, slowly but positively. She watched the flickering lights upon the sea, and said thoughtfully, I wish I was unhappy, andand, putting both arms about his neck, I think I am, a little, John. Being unhappy in this scope means being wise, she recognizes that her brother has become educated and wise to the oppression of her race.All of this comes to a head in his conflict with the judge after informing him of his purpose and his quad. After this meeting the term veil is used in a different context, this time to mean as a shield, he is screen his contempt and true feelings for the town that he no longer feels connected and identified with, and also tyranny the judge advances after first informing him of his place and the place of his people, and how he would be allowed to start his school, but no real education or comparability could be taught. Johns school is his symbolic passing the rubicon.Which leads ultimately leads to his final frustration of his school being shut down after the Judge hears of him deliberately disobeying his orders not to give a real education there. This story is a perfect case for why education is ultimately the most important factor in achieving ultimate equality and freedom. Without education, there is no advancement and no need for criti cal thought, without critical thought than there would be no reason for you to ever question your oppressed position, because you would not know you are being oppressed.I believe Thomas Jefferson sums up this sentiment perfectly, when he said, Educate and inform the whole mass of the people They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty. Without people knowing that there is alternatives to their current state of existence, there will be those who will clear them and rule over them, often under the guises of offering safety of security, or in the case of the judge, reasonable aspirations.

World History: Ancient Civilizations

Joseph R center of attentions 2-B World History Ancient Civilizations quite a little have been on the earth for hundreds of years. They have come together to become the best of the best. Civilizations were ways to mold humanity in to an organized group and to survive the ways of nature. Two civilizations were successful and survived for a farseeing time. Ancient Mesopotamia was a much different civilization then Egypt, but both were organized in a similar way. They both developed by setting up their government, controlling their environment, and their values. In Mesopotamia the priest was in charge of dividing the farmers into groups to farm and take care of the land.In Egypt the priests were in charge of making a disk of their pharaohs and marking the most important happenings of their reigns. Mesopotamia used the Code of Hammurabi which was laws that concerned daily life, business, medicine, property, and family. It was based on an eye for an eye (revenge) and was to give just ice for all. In Egypt the pharaoh was considered a god that ruled the Egyptians and had absolute power that do all the laws of the land and decisions. This is both civilizations form of government and was successful for years some of those laws are as yet in modern day government.Egyptians used the Nile River which provided food and water, farming, and transportation of goods. This helps them in their endurance for the fact that they were sustenance in the middle of a desert. In Mesopotamia, they developed city-states which were around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These rivers were a key in their survival they used these rivers for food, transportation, as well as plants. The rivers created a full-bodied Crescent which allowed farming in Mesopotamia, the Fertile Crescent were important it was surrounded by desert and anything outside of it cant be farmed. utilize heir environment was an important key factor for the survival of these dickens cracking civilizations. As I s aid earlier Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was a god and was one with the divine. The Egyptians (supposedly) build the pyramids for the pharaohs to be buried in by and by they died and along with all of his possessions. The Sumerians and Akkadians practiced polytheism which was the worship of many gods. They believed that keeping the gods happy was the key to happiness and prosperity. They built big temples called ziggurats which were supposed to link Earth with the heavens and link people with the gods.These were the beliefs of the civilizations and have shape humans in to believing in religion and God. All of this contributed to the success of the two civilizations. With their government controlling their actions and fine-looking justice where needed. They also controlled their environment to use for their own advantage which allowed them to eat and use for transportation. Building great monuments for their beliefs and believing to obey all the rules of God as well. I beli eve all this contributed to the success of two giant civilizations.

How Many Different Types of Memory System Are There?

Although the belief that remembering is composed of some(prenominal) distinct systems is non novel, it is all around the mid 20th century that experimental studies carried out on amnesic patients have started to confirm it (Squire, 2004). This essay will discuss the different types of retention systems that have been found, their distinctions and essay supporting their existence derived from studies on dimoutcs. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968) multi-store manakin suggests that memory is a flow of knowledge neat through three stores (Myers, 2010).The first system called sensory memory (SM) processes mainly visual and audile information from our environment (Myers, 2010). It is made up of several comp acents associated with each sense and filters information experienced by the senses iconic SM which receives visual information has a very short retention time of merely a half of a second while counterfeit SM which receives auditory stimuli has a slightly hourlong retention t ime of three to four seconds (Sperling, 1960 Myers, 2010). If attention is brought to sensory information, it is transferred to the next system called short consideration memory (STM) (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968).This system processes visual and auditory information received from SM for approximately one second base and also temporarily uses retrieved information from the long-term memory for problem-solving (Myers, 2010). Millers (1956) study has shown that STM is not only limited in retention duration exclusively also in capacity having on average a storage capacity of seven bits of information whether verbal or numerical (Myers, 2010). The stomach system is long term memory (LTM), often referred to as the permanent storage (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968).As its cognomen suggests, it has immeasurable capacity to store a vast amount of information such as motor achievements, language, autobiographical and factual information (Baddeley, Eysenck, & Anderson, 2009). The three basic memory stores argon distinct from each other in terms of encoded information, capacity and duration of information retention (McLeod, 2007). One of the strongest evidence to support this distinction lies in Murdocks (1962) experiment when presented with a list of nomenclature, the tendency was that the participants would more likely mean the first words (primacy meat) and the last words (recency effect) than the words in the iddle of the list (Myers, 2010). This is known as the in series(p) position effect whereby the first words are guessed since they have been transferred to LTM and the last words were still accessible in STM (Myers, 2010). However, the middle words were present for too long to be in the STM but not long enough to be encoded in LTM, giving evidence that STM and LTM are dickens different and separate stores (McLeod, 2008). Research on patients suffering from amnesia also support the multi-store model (Groome, 2006).One classic case is reported by Corkin (196 8) about a patient HM who suffered from anterograde amnesia He was inefficient to form new memories and lost part of his existing memories (Groome, 2006). However, despite his inability to take in new memories, he was still able to have a conversation thus indicating that his STM processes were constitutional with normal capacity and duration (Wickelgren, 1968 as cited in Groome, 2006). He lost the capacity of only one store hence supporting the idea that STM and LTM are separated (Groome, 2006).Another case is a patient known as KF who suffered damaged to his STM he was still able to temporarily recall visual information but could not process auditory information which made conversation hard-fought (Myers, 2010). On the other hand, his LTM processes were retained, again providing evidence that STM and LTM are separated systems (Myers, 2010). Although KFs case study explicitly provides strong evidence for distinction of STM and LTM, it also questions the idea of having only on e STM (Groome, 2006).The damage in KFs STM seemed to have only affected the echoic and verbal aspects leaving the visual aspects intact (Groome, 2006). This suggests that STM is more complex and has separate stores for visual and auditory processing (Groome, 2006). Based on this finding, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argued that STM illustrated by the multi-store model is too simplistic (McLeod, 2008). They substantial another model of STM known as the Working Memory (WM) which comprised of a ii subsystems controlled by the central executive (Groome, 2006).The central executive takes on cognitive processes such as problem-solving while imperative allocation of data to the two subsystems namely Phonological loop (PL) which deals with auditory and speech-based information and visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) which, as its name suggests, holds information about visual and spatial information (McLeod, 2008 Groome, 2006). By analyzing in more depth KFs case study, it is reported that KF had suffered impairment of his PL but still had his VSS abilities, hence providing support that STM is not one(a) but in fact divided into subsystems (Warrington & Shallice, 1972 as cited in Groome, 2006).Similarly, HM who had an impaired LTM was unable to form new memories but surprisingly could still learn new motor skills although he was not aware that he actually learnt the skills (Groome, 2006). This finding questions the unified nature of LTM and suggests that there are two memory systems (Squire, 2004). McDougall (1924) investigated the term implicit memory which involves unconscious acquisition and explicit memory which involves learning with ken (Graf & Schacter, 1985 Schacter, 1987 Brooks, 2012).Cohen and Squire (1980) suggested that amnesiacs such as HM had an impaired explicit or declarative memory which hindered their abilities to recall previous or make new memories of facts and events (Groome, 2006). They referred implicit memory as procedural memory problematical in k nowledge of skills which would explain why HM could still learn new motor skills (Groome, 2006). harmonize to Tulving, Schacter and Stark (1982), declarative or explicit memory can be further separated into two conscious systems episodic and semantic memory (Squire, 2004).Episodic memory contains autobiographical contents, is a record of a individuals personal history such as birth dates and deals with past experiences (Tulving 1972 1993 2002). In contrast, semantic memory is a storage system of facts, meanings of words and general knowledge of the world such as the crownwork of cities (Tulving, 1972). Research on memory is arduous and the problems questioned are not easily solved (Tulving, 1985). At the beginning, the resultant role to the title question would be three but when looking into further research based on studies of amnesiacs, the chip increased to about approximately seven.However, being aware of the difficult nature of memory and the limitations of its study, the m ore reasonable and sensible answer would be at least three and probably umteen more (Tulving, 1985). References Atkinson, R. C. , & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spense (Eds. ), The psychology of learning and motive (pp. 13-195). new-fangled York, NY Academic Press. Baddeley, A. D. , Eysenck, M. W. , & Anderson, M. C. (2009). Memory. New York Psychology Press. Baddeley, A.D. , & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. A. Bower (Ed. ), Recent advances in learning and motivation (pp. 47-90). New York, NY Academic Press. Brooks, S. L. (2012). Long-term memory of American Sign Language in a chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes). Master of Science in Interdisciplinary Studies. San Diego State University. Cohen, N. J. , & Squire, L. R. (1980). Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that? Science, 210. Milner, B. , Corkin, S. , & Teuber, H. L. 19 68). Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome 14 socio-economic class follow-up study of H. M.. Neuropsychologia, 6. Graf, P. and Schacter, D. L. (1985). Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. diary of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11. Groome, D. (2006). An introduction to cognitive psychology processes and disorders. 2nd ed. New York Psychology Press. McDougall, W. (1923). Outline of Psychology. New York Charles Scribners Sons. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Short Term Memory. online Retrieved from http//www. simplypsychology. org/short-term-memory. html Accessed 7 Mar 2013. McLeod, S. A. (2008). Primacy-Recency. online Retrieved from http//www. simplypsychology. org/primacy-recency. html Accessed 7 Mar 2013. Miller, G. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two Some limits on our capacity for processing information. psychological palingenesis, 63. Murdock, B. B. (1962). The serial position effect of free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64. Myers, D. (2010). Psychology. 9th ed.New York Worth Publishers. Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit Memory History and real Status. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13 (3). Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs, 74. Squire, L. R. (2004). Memory systems of the brain A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82. Tulving, E. , Schacter, D. L. , & Stark, H. A. (1982). 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Costs and Contract Terms Essay

Executive SummaryOver the span of 168 simulated days, squad H aceybadgers managed the Littlefield Technologies job shop. The squads objective was to maximize the firms cash position proportional to the rest of the class. Using 50 days of historical data, the team reviewed re-order points, re-order quantity, capacity, head for the hills ages, and on that pointfore contract terms. The team also weighed the approach of new machines against large(p) for list and interest rates, evaluating the return on investment and the tint a new machine had on guide on times. Using this consideration set, team Honeybadgers purchased one adjust machine, one stuffing machine, and changed the contract terms on ten occasions. Ultimately, the team placed 5th.Actions & Analysisever-changing Contract TermsA 7 day lead time generated higher revenue than the other contract terms during the offset 50 days. However, we observed that there was a stretch of 5-8 days when the lead time was below a 1 d ay lead time during the first 50 days. Evaluating the first 50 days much closely revealed that approximately every 15-20 days, the lead time dropped substantially. noticing a pattern, and apprised that a different contract time could generate more revenue, we decided to micromanage the contracts to hone revenue. For the duration of simulation, we set contract according to the trending lead time. In times of high demand, when a lead time was more than 18 hours, we opted not to use contract 3 because of the cost of each order (avg. job cost+ordering cost = $608.33) Micromanaging the contracts according to lead times was a temporary solution. This strategy allowed us to optimize revenue when we did not catch the capital to purchase a machine.Purchasing Tuning and medical dressing MachinesWe in the first place wanted to purchase both a tune up and stuffing machine because both stations had retentive stretches when capacity was maxed out. However, without sufficient capital, we had to ration purchases. The tuning machine was at capacity more often. At one point the machine was at capacity for 18 days in a row. Purchasing the tuning machine eliminated a obstruct at that station, which allowed us to produce more DSS products. Although the Tuning machine was prioritized, the bottleneck at the stuffing machine was nearly as problematic as the Tuning stations. The Stuffing machine was at capacity for 15 days in a row.After purchasing the Stuffing machine, bottleneck shifted again, and we were able to produce more DSS products. We did not purchase a third machine because it was undecipherable whether the revenue pull in would offset the cost of the machine. The lead time was hovering around a day when we had the capital to make the purchase, and we did not believe the additional machine would improve our lead time enough to apologise a purchase. In retrospect both machines should have been purchased earlier. We will evaluate the benefits of this approach i n the Risks and Evaluations section.Choosing Not to BorrowWhen we became eligible to take out a loan, we decided to forego the option because we did not direct to borrow. Our cash standing was relatively high throughout the simulation because micromanaging contract terms proved pretty effective. Another deterrent was the grossly high interest rate. A 20% interest rate apologize any added benefit gained from taking out a loan.Choosing Not to change re-order pointRe-ordering kits was a sinewy fixed cost, but we did not adjust the re-order point / order quantity because demand variability was sensibly high. We were aware there was an opportunity cost associated with holding too much inventory because we could have earned interest revenue from the cash spent on inventory. However, we kept the order amounts Q high because (1)we want to birth ordering cost and (2) we were not concerned with having too much inventory on hand when there was no direct cost (such as warehousing) associa ted with holding inventory.Inventory Strategy Final HoursDuring the last 12 simulation days we considered developing a plan to minimize our inventory at the end of the simulation. However, we were not sure how to calculate this, and the costs associated with running of inventory was too high to risk making a mistake.ResultsThe Honeybadgers team finished the Littlefield simulation in fifth place, posting $1,511,424 in cash. The teams closing cash position was $104,192 below the first place team, earning 93.5% of their total revenue.Risks and EvaluationsAt the beginning of the simulation, we wanted to keep back a high R and Q because we wanted to avoid high ordering costs. While we considered keeping inventory low to save money for a new machine, we were not sure the improved lead time could offset the cost of machines. However, in hindsight we realized that we could have managed R and Q better early in the simulation, so as to minimize the amount of excess raw inventory. We now kno w that we could have adjusted R according to the variability of demand, holding that the more demand fluctuates the higher R is and vice versa.We believe that this tactic could have allowed us to accumulate enough cash to purchase machines earlier, possibly as early as day 80 or 90. Purchasing a machine earlier could have improved lead times, allowing us to switch to contract 3 earlier so as to generate more revenue. We should have balanced between ordering costs during the last 100 days and the cost of having excessive or unnecessary inventory after last day. In the last day we still had approximately $80k of inventory, which held no value after demand ceased. Managing inventory better would have given more cash on hand.

London Poems Essay

Wordsworth and Blake each use language in incompatible ways to present their own view of ondon. They both reveal their feelings through their viewpoint, the way they have structured their metrical compositions and the poetic devices each of them use.Wordsworth wrote his On Westminster Bridge on September 3rd 1802 as a result of him locomote a stage coach over Westminster Bridge. Wordsworths view of capital of the United Kingdom from Westminster Bridge is from a uninfected distance away because he doesnt describe the ground level in much detail, nor does he describe population with much detail. His view of London is quite broad, Dear God The very houses depend asleep. Aswell as being far away, he is also situated quite high up to get this broad view that he describes.The time of day in which the poem is set is untimely morning. He mentions the air being smokeless, ..in the smokeless air. His poem suggests that he thought that London was normally a horrible,dirty and mucky plac e. But when he sees Londons air clear and clean, Neer saw I, never felt a calm so deep This shows he doesnt chat London very often. Wordsworths peom focuses more on the general look of London. He is more relate with buildings and atmosphere of london rather than the details of people and their lives.On Westminster Bridge is written in the figure of a sonnet. He tells us about what he potbelly see, ..ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples... His feelings at the start of the poem atomic number 18 more overtly shown, but the farther you read into the poem, his feelings become more app arnt.The last six lines or seset shows his feelings about London and how is opinion has changed from his original view of London, Dear God. He is suprised how differnt London can look.In addition, William Wordsworth uses various poetic devices to make his sonnet have more depth and feeling and to puddle a picture in the readers mind of how London used to be in his eyes. He uses similes, The urb an center now doth, like a garment. He is trying to make it easier for the reader to create an range in their head by saying one thing is like another. The poem also has incarnation included, The river glideth at his own sweet will, The very houses seem asleep. One other modelling is The sun in his first splendour. The personification that he uses gives the pictures in your head some bread and butter by saying that they have human characteristics. Wordsworth also uses symbolism, And all that the mighty heart is lying unflustered. All these methods are each in turn creating images in the readers head. Overall, Wordsworths poem is a more general view with a change in his point of view inside the poem.Blake on the otherhand writes from a very different point of view. he form os his peom differs from Wordsworths. Blake focuses on the people in the city and they are like. Blakes view is from ground level so includes a attraction more detail. Because Blakes view is much closer than W ordsworths, Blakes view point is much narrower. Blake takes a much closer look at peoples lives and he thinks that this is the key to what London is all about, the people.Blake generally employs different peotic devices from Wrodsworths to put across his point of view on London. Blake uses repetition to emphasize his view on London and to try and make it look as if everyone is the same. It also has some metaphors too, Mind-forged manacles and ..plagues the marriage hearse. The Blake poem uses hyperbole to criticize London and the sadness and malice of the people who live their. Blakes London brutally multicolour is a dark, dirty, disease ridden and deprived place.Unlike the Wordsworth poem, it leaves you in no doubt as to the authors feelings on the subject. Blakes poem conveys his feelings in a more abstract style, when he uses the people and buildings of London to represent the institutions which they are associated with. He uses the image of a church to criticise religious esta blishments and a palace to signify the state, and politics who control it. He gives the image of the Soldiers sigh running in blood use up palace-walls. Here he is attacking the monarchy and government for condemning young men to death by displace them off to fight in foreign wars.Wordsworth and Blake each have different views on London. Wordsworth shows how nice,warm and calm London can look in the early morning, proving people wrong that its not always grimy and dirty. however Blakes poem is more against London, trying to prove that it makes people miserable and that everyone feels the same way. Both these poems, in my opinion, share feelings of concern and disgust for London. If i had to pick which one I prefered I would choose the Blake poem. This is because the heart and soul of the words is more clearcut. I accept the point of view of Wordsworth, how it can be clean and not always dirty and horrible as some may think.

Goods Spend Analysis

Individual Assignment Goods go past Analysis Prepared by Anjela Li Date January 13, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction3 2. Goods send packing Analysis How is it conducted? 4 3. Key Triggers5 4. How go past compendium fits the procurement strategy6 1. Introduction Spend abbreviationis the process of collecting, cleansing, classifying and analyzing expenditure data with the purpose of reducing procurement costs, improving efficiency and monitoring compliance. It can also be supplementd in other areas of business such as inventory management, budgeting and planning, and product development.There are three essence areas of take place abbreviation visibility, abridgment and process. By leveraging all three, companies can generate answers to the crucial questions affecting their spending, including ? What am I actually spending? ? With whom am I spending it? ? Am I getting whats been promised for that spend? Spend analysis is often viewed as part of a larger domain know n asspend managementwhich incorporates spend analysis, commodity management andstrategic sourcing.Companies perform spend analysis for several reasons. The core business driver for most physical compositions is profitability. In addition to improving compliance and reducing cycle times, do detailed spend analysis helps companies find new areas of nest egg that previously went untapped, and hold onto past areas of savings that they have already negotiated. Benefits of Spend Data Management pic 2. Goods Spend Analysis How is it conducted? 3 major components of a spend analysis Component Activity Typical deliverable (a)Opportunity legal opinion Collect and validate social class spend data/diagnose High level spend analysis company spend savings opportunity ranges Analyze persistence/market trends Sourcing project plan Prioritize and sequence opportunities Sourcing maturity assessment (b)Creation of category profile Define category spend by supplier, spend, Detailed buil dline spend analysis (c)Marketplace assessment region/customer Preferred parts list Determine category requirements, specifications, Industry and issue market analyses forecast Total cost components Determine total cost components Potential switching/ flip out osts (ex replacement cost Conduct detailed supply market and value chain analysis of propane tanks when switching suppliers should be Determine supplier universe and identify potential get hold ofed when creating a sourcing strategy and in the suppliers analysis for potential savings) Collect feedback from stakeholders regarding supplier performance 3. Key Triggers ? Spend by type of goods provides visibility of what the money is spent for and enables further analysis to apply 80/20 rule to define the roundabout 20% of goods that represent 80% of spend. A proper spend analysis by type of goods typically requires splitting main product categories into subcategories to provide visibility of hidden costs ? Spend by a Business Unit provides visibility of spend by end customer, i. e. ho spends the money, compliance rate to the possible hold outing preferred supplier agreements and whether or not the spend is fragmented within the organization ? Spend by Supplier (enterprise view) allows understanding of who the money is spent with, how fragmented spend is within the supplier base and whether an opportunity exists for volume concentration ? Spend by Supplier (by Business Unit) allows visibility of the breakdown of spend among suppliers within a specific Business Unit. This helps to define whether there are common suppliers that are universe used across all Business Units and whether an opportunity exists to gain a better price leverage by consolidating the volume for specific products across all Business Units.This type of analysis also prompts sourcing specialists to require with stakeholders to understand whether there were any supplier performance concerns that might potentially jolt distribution of spend and therefore, should be addressed and considered at the stage of building new strategic sourcing strategies 4. How spend analysis fits the procurement strategy A proper spend analysis allows to build effective sourcing strategies, which can be leverage oriented, relationship oriented or a combination of both (see Figure 1 below). The sourcing strategy for the category will depend on three factors a) How competitive is the supplier marketplace? b) How aligned are your organizations users on the need versus opportunity to test incumbent relationships? ) What alternatives to a competitive assessment exist for your organization in this or connected categories? Typically, if there are categories with High/Low Business impact and Low Market complexity the left side of the Sourcing Gemstone will be used raft Concentration, Best Price Evaluation or Global sourcing. If more complex markets are confronted (Ex sole man-made lake supplier situation, single source supplier due to complexities in the product specifications and/or industry regulations, neglect of substitute suppliers or products, other suppliers vs. the incumbent had critical performance issues in the past, long term industry shortage due to the economic downturn in the global market, etc. we may want to consider Product Specification Improvements, Joint Process Improvements or Relationship Restructuring strategies. It is also important to acknowledge that commonly, the high the maturity of a specific category, the lower is the opportunity to capture high net dollar savings through a competitive event effort and the more is the need to focus on fortify the relationship with your preferred supplier and reap the benefits of a joint effort in areas related to the right field hand side of the Gemstone (Ex product standardization, electronic invoicing, product innovation, etc. ) Figure 1 pic picture Market Complexity (High) High Business Impact

Comprehensive Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comprehensive Strategic forethought - Case Study Examples low salary-pegged tourism marketing strategy is a operable cost advantage and results to increasing Haitis competitiveness in tourism (Witcher 4). Haitis pro unworthy tourism programs train the residents to be good tourist guides. The disposals inclusion of poor residents in the nations policymaking decisions ensures the poor have better chances of finding jobs, especially tourist guide jobs. The tourism programs include the St. Lucia Heritage Tourism Programme (Kolbe et al.6).Haiti gained differentiation advantage (Freeman 85). In 2013, research showed that Haiti has unique products for tourists world offered in the diversified packaging. Haiti culture and lifestyles has attracted and retained many tourists who desire to go back for holidays every year. The coterminous countries that are regarded as Haitis competitors dwarf the uniqueness and hospitability of the Haitians. For instance, Dominican Republics culture diffe rs from the Haitis culture (Tiudor 5). Research shows that the Haiti visitors recall the most meaningful portion of their Haiti visit is the friendly and accommodating placement of the residents. The majority of the tourists, including the visiting working class and middle class visitors, felt at home and enjoyed the substantial hospitality of the Haitian residents. In 2013, another differentiation strategy is inviting Haiti friends and relatives to visit. Recent research showed 62 per centum of Haiti tourists visited their friends and family members (Kolb et al. 10)There are future strategies that will help gain future cost advantage (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 81). The government can involve its citizens by encouraging people to invite their friends and relatives to visit Haiti in 2014 and future. Such rise will reduce the governments paying for tourism promotion activities, which are very overpriced in terms of labor and advertising. This can be done by advertising Haitis Catholic fiestas to the world starting in

Organ donation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organ largess - Essay warningMany individuals do not become organ donors due to misconceptions almost organ donation. One of the habitual misconceptions is doctors let organ donors die to harvest organs. This is not true. When an organ donor comes to the hospital, a doctor go out try to save their lives. Organ doctors do not search live patients. Organ specialists only see dead patients. Rich people receive organs first is another misconception. This is not true. Everyone goes on a list that is a carry based list. The worst illness goes to the top of the list. More of the truth about this issue needs to be available to the public.Jehovah Witnesses, certain sects of Jews, certain sects of Christians, and other religious groups do not donate organs. These people cannot be convinced. Jehovah Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions, plain if rejection means death. If religious individuals will die before accepting a blood transfusion or organ donation, little hope can be had t o change their minds.Those who are not organ donors need to be more informed on the subject. Although religious reasons are hard to overcome, it is not impossible. Organ donation is a gift. More organ donor recipients need to speak out about the gift they cast off received. Organ specialist need to speak about their process. If more spokespeople are active than more learning can be given. More information is essential to having more organ

East and South East Asia Differences Term Paper

East and South East Asia Differences - Term publisher ExampleThe Asian Economic Miracle Asian TigersAccording to Chong (284), the southeastern United States Asian tigers is terminology whose usage is in reference to the Southeast Asian economies such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Indonesia. Chong (284) elucidates that the term economic miracle has found usage in the definition of the speedier growth amid these nations within the past decades reaching its heights in the 1990s and culminating into the fiscal crisis of 1998. Reportedly, this era of economic augmentation brought with it an appreciable contemporaneity as well as superior living standards amid their populace. Chong (284) observes that the accele setd ripening is traceable back to the sixties when the East Asian wealthiness grew at a miraculous rate given the slower over international rates. The subsequent decades witnessed similar growth rates that were far fail than any other nation across the gl obe. According to Chong (284), none of the nations within this matrix experience wealth appreciation lesser than the highest values recorded else where within the globe.According to Card belli & Vivek (64) the developments witnessed in the south east and Southeast Asia are the results of two principal wealth creation strategies. Firstly, the considerable state involvement and secondly is the convention and implementation of a successful export orient wealth augmentation base. ... According to Chong (284), mainland China bears considerable proportion to its southeastern neighbors with a characteristic strong aristocratic drawship and dependence on export-oriented growth moulding for its fiscal and wealth creation enhancements. Additionally, the wealth expansions in china have appreciably enhanced the modernity with observable increment in the overall living standards. Nonetheless, the nations persist to experience principal environmental predicaments which are inclusive of huge f loods, extreme weather situations as well as recent life opprobrious accidental incidences within its rapidly progressing transport section. In spite of the close upd up political system, China enjoys considerable levels of interactions with the rest of the globe. Cardarelli & Vivek (79) observes that such interactions are evident in its massive exports and enormous foreign replace preserve. According to Cardarelli & Vivek (80), Chinese exports in the preceding year totaled rough 1.5 trillion dollars with an overall global ranking of number two. Similarly, its imports were a considerable 1.3 trillion, which was third globally, while attracting massive foreign preserve of close to 2.6 trillion fiscal units. This massive reserve ensures China ended the preceding year as the leader in the foreign deals. Similarly, the past year saw Chinese external investment increment to about 279 billion dollars while the unswerving foreign deals reached an unbelievable 578 billion dollars. Carda relli & Vivek (80) believe that these massive exports are balk of the presumed excessive dependency on exports.

Understanding Customers and Competitors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Understanding Customers and Competitors - Essay ExampleUnderstanding Customers and CompetitorsAt the same while every company has its customers with limited budgets. They are free to choose to purchase from a company or new(prenominal) then that company who offer the same goods and services and at the same time rival of the first company. Customers also free purchase totally different substitute goods and services by nitty-gritty of their limited funds. Companies those offer similar goods and services are the direct competitors of each other. Thus it is most in-chief(postnominal) to understanding the Customers and CompetitorsA companys market environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing managements ability to develop and maintain no-hit transactions with its target customers. The marketing environment offers both opportunities and threats. Successful companies know the vital importance of ever watching and adapting to the changing environment.Treacy, M. & Wi ersema, F. (1993) mentioned that marketers take the major responsibility for identifying significant changes in the environment. More than any other group in the company, marketers must be the trend trackers and opportunity seekers. Although every manager in an physical composition needs to ob officiate the outside environment marketing it, marketers have two special aptitudes. They have condition methods-marketing intelligence and marketing research- for collecting information about the marketing environment. They also spend time in the customer and competitor environment. By conducting systematic environmental scanning, marketers are able to revise and adapt marketing strategies to meet new challenges and opportunities in the marketplace.Evans, J. R., & Berman, B. (1990) has stated the marketing environment is made up of a microenvironment and a microenvironments. The microenvironment consists of the forces closemouthed to the company that affect its ability to serve its custom ers- the company, suppliers, marketing channel firms, customer markets, competitors, and publics. The macroenvironvent consists of the larger social forces that affect the microenvironment- demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces.Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2006) argued that marketing environment is made up of five microenvironmental and six macroenvironmental pieces. The microenvironment consists of other actors close to the company that combine to form the companys value delivery system or which affect its ability to serve its customers. The first microenmental component is the companys internal environment- its several departments and management levels- as it influences marketing decision making. The second component