Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth Essay Example for Free

Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth Essay Government debt is also known as public debt. It is the debt owed by a federal government to the internal or external sources. It is required when the stocks of government securities are insufficient to cover previous budget deficits. Budget deficits occur when the level of government expenditures exceeds its revenues. Based on macroeconomic theory, the level of government expenditure must be positive with the economic growth. The higher the expenditure, the higher will be the economic growth. Government expenditure can be divided into productive and unproductive expenditure. Productive expenditure will be contributed to the economic growth in a few years’ time. Meanwhile, the unproductive expenditure will lead to the decline in the economic growth. Productive expenditure comprise of education and health. Besides, the unproductive expenditure consists of expenditure like pension and subsidies. Meanwhile, high budget deficit will reduce the level of economic growth. In order to finance additional expenditures, the government will borrow money from internal sources. Since the demand of the loanable funds is also derived from the private sector, additional demand from the government will boost the interest rate. Consequently, high interest rate will distort the level of investment. Finally, the lower level of investment will lead to lower economic growth for the country. In addition, high public debt will also result to a financial crisis. If a country is experiencing a trend of an increasing public debt, the investors may be worried about the capabilities of that country to pay its debt. Apart from that, they will ask for higher interest rate as a safety and profitable measures for them to keep financing the deficits. An increase in interest rate can distort the level of economic growth and would create financial crisis. Besides, it is also acts as an obstacle to the development because it will weakens the government’s ability to achieve macroeconomic stability. It comprises the stability of inflation, interest rate and exchange rate target. It will also create adverse incentives associated with future taxes. High debt also will stop the social and developmental progress. Malaysian economy may not be able to achieve high and sustainable economic growth in the long-run if the federal government keeps borrowing money from the domestic sources in order to finance the budget deficit. However, there is no such evidence to conclude that the external debt can distort the economic growth in the long-run.

Groundwater Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity :: Freshwater Essays

Ground water! What is it? Well it's basically self-explanatory and is any water that is held under ground. That is only a very simple definition of it though and well in fact ground water is very critical to every ones life locally and worldwide. Most of the water that you drink comes from ground water and not from lakes and rivers even though those are considered as a part of ground water components. Ground water has many components that it can be divided into and this paper will explain what ground water is, that negatives and positives of it, where is it and how it gets there. I will also explain how it affects people locally and worldwide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like I said ground water is any water under the ground. Water is in almost everything on this earth and approximately 70% of this earth is covered with water on it's surface. Ground water locations can take on may forms such as in caves to lakes. Sure it is very easy to understand the significance of water from rivers lakes streams and oceans. But how much do you know about all of the water that exists below the surface of our earth. I'm sure that you think that groundwater is kind of like an underground river or lake. If you do your somewhat right but that not just quit it. Only in caves or near lava flow does the underground rivers and lakes occur. Instead ground water is usually held within pours of soil or rock material. An good example to show how the water is held is to fill a sponge with water that is kind of the way that ground water is held in these underground materials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Groundwater is very beneficial to human life for several reasons. First, humans withdraw at about 40% of the public water supply on earth for everyday uses. Of that 40% that is withdrawn for everyday use 22% of it is fresh water that is sanitary enough to drink. One of those uses is very helpful for farmers and their irrigation systems to make crops, to help mankind be fed each and every day. In fact 34% of ground water is used to help irrigation on farms so farmers can grow their crops. Where do you think that water comes from your local home faucet? Well odds are it's from ground water because 53% of the American population's drinking water comes from groundwater.

Evard Munch’s “The Scream”

Analysis of Edvard Munch’s â€Å"The Scream† Just a few months ago, a painting by the famous Norwegian painter Edvard Munch titled â€Å"The Scream†, was sold in an auction for an unprecedented $120 million American dollars. Even at first glance, it is easy to notice why this artwork is so valuable and iconic. The vibrant colors used in the painting along with the emotions it conveys all stand out very distinctly. The screaming man’s expression, the colors, as well as the swirling motion of the sky, work together to invoke in its audience primal feelings.Initial impressions of the painting are often those feelings associated with the sublime, foreboding, angst, and a bit of terror, thrown in for good measure. All in all, this very famous expressionist piece of art is trying to express to its audience the absolute fearsomeness and awesomeness in nature. â€Å"The Scream† is a contrast between the vastness and majesty of nature and the insubstantialit y of mankind. â€Å"The Scream† was painted by Norwegian artist, Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910 during the Expressionist period.According to Dictionary. com, expressionism is, â€Å" a style of art developed in the 20th century, characterized chiefly by heavy, often black lines that define forms, sharply contrasting, often vivid colors, and subjective or symbolic treatment of thematic material† (dictionary. com). During this period, artists such as Munch put heavy emphasis on perspectives of the individual as well as emotional angst. The painting itself was painted on a cardboard canvas with oils and is roughly 36 inches high by 28. inches wide. The size of the painting shows that the â€Å"screaming† figure in the foreground is very close to lifesize, which makes it the focal point of attention, and causes the audience to first notice the figure and its chilling expression followed by the stark contrasts of light and dark behind the figure, and it is here w here the painting derives much of its emotion. Behind the â€Å"screaming† man is a river which flows into the night, which bleeds into day.Munch’s use of light and dark colors seems to represent calm and anguish, respectively. In the background of the painting are two figures walking into the the horizon, not paying any mind to the blood-red sky nor the despairing man screaming on the bridge. The figures walking away could be seen as Munch’s emphasis on the individual’s perspective. The screaming man is the individual and he realizes both the benevolence and malevolence of nature and can do nothing but scream.The two featureless figures in the background could represent Munch’s expression of the group or group mentality, who are only concerned with their daily lives and are completely unaware of the daunting vastness of nature presented right before their eyes. Perhaps this is Munch’s way to describe how he feels about society as a whole. H e feels disconnected from the group as only he notices the horror about his surroundings. Only he sees the violence in the landscape. The direction of the painting seems to be counter-clockwise, originating from the screamer’s head.The reason for this could be that Munch was showing us that perhaps the â€Å"screaming† man is projecting his realities outward, as it spreads from the river to the bloodstained skies. According to the Art History Guide, â€Å"Munch suffered from agoraphobia, which could explain why the vast open space in the background gives the feeling of being overhwhelm[ed]† (Arthistoryguide. com). This would also explain the main figure’s expression of fear and anxiety. The reason why Munch painted this piece has been debated throughout the years.However, sometimes some explanations can be the most obvious ones. In an article found on Wikipedia, regarding the painting, it describes how Munch wrote, â€Å"†I was walking down the roa d with two friends when the sun set; suddenly, the sky turned as red as blood. I stopped and leaned against the fence, feeling unspeakably tired. Tongues of fire and blood stretched over the bluish black fjord. My friends went on walking, while I lagged behind, shivering with fear. Then I heard the enormous, infinite scream of nature. † (Wikipedia. org).Judging by the main figure’s pose, with his hands covering his ears in shock, one can assume that when he heard nature’s scream, it was deafeningly loud. The sheer intensity of the volume along with the traumatic experience of existential angst is what is, most likely, producing the look of terror on the main figure’s face. His facial expression is a very good translation of what Munch’s idea of absolute terror might be. The colors in the background support this idea further through Munch’s choice of powerful, expressive colors.The deep crimson hues give off a feeling of danger, paranoia, and anxiety while the dark blues relates to loneliness or sadness. The terror is further exemplified with the figures in the background, his â€Å"companions†, completely oblivious to the intense derangement the central figure is experiencing. Human beings have an innate need to be accepted or to belong, as such, the isolation, loneliness, and terror the screaming figure was exhibiting must have been so abstract and profound that it could only be expressed in â€Å"The Scream†.In summary, Edvard Munch’s masterpiece, â€Å"The Scream† is a painting that screams emotion. It was the style and composition that sparked the Expressionist movement in the late eighteenth century, which, in turn, evoked numerous other styles. With just one painting, Munch was able to portray an entire spectrum of human emotion ranging from calm to almost the violently sublime. It is no doubt that such a work was sold for a large fortune because of how iconic and breathtaking this pain ting is.It represents a distant memory of an expressive period of time in human history where not everything was soap dramas, commercials, and the internet. It represented a time of artistic inspiration, an understanding and observance of something truly monolithic and omnipotent, nature. Works Cited â€Å"Expressionism. † Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. â€Å"The Scream by Edvard Munch: Art History & Picture of the Painting. † The Scream by Edvard Munch: Art History & Picture of the Painting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Edvard Munch. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 June 2012. Web. 03 Jan. 2013. Evard Munch’s â€Å"The Scream† Analysis of Edvard Munch’s â€Å"The Scream† Just a few months ago, a painting by the famous Norwegian painter Edvard Munch titled â€Å"The Scream†, was sold in an auction for an unprecedented $120 million American dollars. Even at first glance, it is easy to notice why this artwork is so valuable and iconic. The vibrant colors used in the painting along with the emotions it conveys all stand out very distinctly. The screaming man’s expression, the colors, as well as the swirling motion of the sky, work together to invoke in its audience primal feelings.Initial impressions of the painting are often those feelings associated with the sublime, foreboding, angst, and a bit of terror, thrown in for good measure. All in all, this very famous expressionist piece of art is trying to express to its audience the absolute fearsomeness and awesomeness in nature. â€Å"The Scream† is a contrast between the vastness and majesty of nature and the insubstantialit y of mankind. â€Å"The Scream† was painted by Norwegian artist, Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910 during the Expressionist period.According to Dictionary. com, expressionism is, â€Å" a style of art developed in the 20th century, characterized chiefly by heavy, often black lines that define forms, sharply contrasting, often vivid colors, and subjective or symbolic treatment of thematic material† (dictionary. com). During this period, artists such as Munch put heavy emphasis on perspectives of the individual as well as emotional angst. The painting itself was painted on a cardboard canvas with oils and is roughly 36 inches high by 28. inches wide. The size of the painting shows that the â€Å"screaming† figure in the foreground is very close to lifesize, which makes it the focal point of attention, and causes the audience to first notice the figure and its chilling expression followed by the stark contrasts of light and dark behind the figure, and it is here w here the painting derives much of its emotion. Behind the â€Å"screaming† man is a river which flows into the night, which bleeds into day.Munch’s use of light and dark colors seems to represent calm and anguish, respectively. In the background of the painting are two figures walking into the the horizon, not paying any mind to the blood-red sky nor the despairing man screaming on the bridge. The figures walking away could be seen as Munch’s emphasis on the individual’s perspective. The screaming man is the individual and he realizes both the benevolence and malevolence of nature and can do nothing but scream.The two featureless figures in the background could represent Munch’s expression of the group or group mentality, who are only concerned with their daily lives and are completely unaware of the daunting vastness of nature presented right before their eyes. Perhaps this is Munch’s way to describe how he feels about society as a whole. H e feels disconnected from the group as only he notices the horror about his surroundings. Only he sees the violence in the landscape. The direction of the painting seems to be counter-clockwise, originating from the screamer’s head.The reason for this could be that Munch was showing us that perhaps the â€Å"screaming† man is projecting his realities outward, as it spreads from the river to the bloodstained skies. According to the Art History Guide, â€Å"Munch suffered from agoraphobia, which could explain why the vast open space in the background gives the feeling of being overhwhelm[ed]† (Arthistoryguide. com). This would also explain the main figure’s expression of fear and anxiety. The reason why Munch painted this piece has been debated throughout the years.However, sometimes some explanations can be the most obvious ones. In an article found on Wikipedia, regarding the painting, it describes how Munch wrote, â€Å"†I was walking down the roa d with two friends when the sun set; suddenly, the sky turned as red as blood. I stopped and leaned against the fence, feeling unspeakably tired. Tongues of fire and blood stretched over the bluish black fjord. My friends went on walking, while I lagged behind, shivering with fear. Then I heard the enormous, infinite scream of nature. † (Wikipedia. org).Judging by the main figure’s pose, with his hands covering his ears in shock, one can assume that when he heard nature’s scream, it was deafeningly loud. The sheer intensity of the volume along with the traumatic experience of existential angst is what is, most likely, producing the look of terror on the main figure’s face. His facial expression is a very good translation of what Munch’s idea of absolute terror might be. The colors in the background support this idea further through Munch’s choice of powerful, expressive colors.The deep crimson hues give off a feeling of danger, paranoia, and anxiety while the dark blues relates to loneliness or sadness. The terror is further exemplified with the figures in the background, his â€Å"companions†, completely oblivious to the intense derangement the central figure is experiencing. Human beings have an innate need to be accepted or to belong, as such, the isolation, loneliness, and terror the screaming figure was exhibiting must have been so abstract and profound that it could only be expressed in â€Å"The Scream†.In summary, Edvard Munch’s masterpiece, â€Å"The Scream† is a painting that screams emotion. It was the style and composition that sparked the Expressionist movement in the late eighteenth century, which, in turn, evoked numerous other styles. With just one painting, Munch was able to portray an entire spectrum of human emotion ranging from calm to almost the violently sublime. It is no doubt that such a work was sold for a large fortune because of how iconic and breathtaking this pain ting is.It represents a distant memory of an expressive period of time in human history where not everything was soap dramas, commercials, and the internet. It represented a time of artistic inspiration, an understanding and observance of something truly monolithic and omnipotent, nature. Works Cited â€Å"Expressionism. † Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. â€Å"The Scream by Edvard Munch: Art History & Picture of the Painting. † The Scream by Edvard Munch: Art History & Picture of the Painting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Edvard Munch. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 June 2012. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.

Pterosaurs